MASONRY TYPES
| Types of masonry | Material density [kg/m3] | WINTER | SUMMER | HYGROMETRY | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal Conductivity λ [W/mK] | Useful thickness [cm] for a U unit transmittance of 0.4 W/m2K | Specific heat c [kcal/kgK] | Useful thickness [cm] for a thermal shift (*) of 10 hours ≈ | Coefficient of resistance to vapor passage μ | ||
| Concrete | 2400 | 2,158 | 510 | 0,21 | 45 | 150 |
| Stone masonry | 1800 | 1,20 | 280 | 0,20 | 40 | 30 |
| Ground clay | 1800 | 0,90 | 210 | 0,21 | 35 | 20 |
| Solid brick | 1800 | 0,781 | 185 | 0,20 | 34 | 20 |
| Tuff | 1500 | 0,63 | 150 | 0,30 | 27 | 20 |
| Porous brick | 800 | 0,26 | 61 | 0,20 | 38 | 15 |
| Solid fir wood | 450 | 0,18 | 42 | 0,65 | 20 | 60 |
| Gasbeton | 600 | 0,11 | 26 | 0,20 | 31 | 15 |
INSULATING MATERIALS
| Insulating materials | Material density [kg/m3] | WINTER | SUMMER | HYGROMETRY | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal Conductivity λ [W/mK] | Useful thickness [cm] for a U unit transmittance of 0.4 W/m2K | Specific heat c [kcal/kgK] | Useful thickness [cm] for a thermal shift (*) of 10 hours ≈ | Coefficient of resistance to vapor passage μ | ||
| PUR (polyurethane) | 32 | 0,032 | 7,5 | 0,30 | 50 | 60 |
| PS (polystyrene) | 25 | 0,035 | 8,5 | 0,30 | 60 | 170 |
| Wood fiber panel | 150 | 0,040 | 9,5 | 0,57 | 19 | 5 |
| Rock wool | 55 | 0,040 | 9,5 | 0,20 | 52 | 1,2 |
| Glass fiber | 30 | 0,040 | 9,5 | 0,20 | 72 | 1,2 |
| Expanded cork panel | 130 | 0,045 | 10,5 | 0,50 | 23 | 11 |
| SANAWARME | 400 | 0,077 | 15 | 0,48 | 14 | 9 |
| Mineralized wood wool | 500 | 0,109 | 26 | 0,50 | 17 | 20 |
NOTE: The values, in terms of thickness, shown in the table “Insulating materials”, refer to insulating materials as such, assuming a wall consisting of only insulating material. The functional thickness of each of them, to achieve the prescribed unit transmittances, must be determined by adapting it to the different types of walls.
(*) Thermal phase shift (in hours): Indicates the time difference between the time when the maximum temperature is recorded on the external surface of the structure and the time in which the maximum temperature is recorded on the internal surface of the same. The optimum value of the phase shift is 12 hours and it is important to have a phase shift of at least 8 hours and no less than 10 hours in areas with more demanding summer climates. With these values of phase shift the heat will enter at night during which it can be disposed of with air changes. The value of the thermal phase shift, often neglected in conventional design, is certainly important for determining the summer thermal comfort and, as such, has important repercussions also in terms of energy saving.
| LIVING COMFORT ASPECT | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| FEATURES | NUDE MASONRY | SOLUTION WITH SYNTHETIC MATERIALS | SOLUTION WITH SANAWARME |
| Increase in winter comfort | Nothing | High | High |
| Increased summer comfort | Nothing | Low | High |
| Breathability | – | Low | Very High |
| Surface condensation probability | High | Low | Very Low |
| Interstitial condensation probability | – | Low | Low |
| Dehumidifying capacity | – | Nothing | High |
| Pre-heating/cooling times | High | Medium | Low |
| Probability of local discomforts | High | Medium-low | Low |
| Internal environment healthiness | – | Medium | High |
| Soundproofing | – | Low | High |
| ECONOMIC ASPECT | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| FEATURES | NUDE MASONRY | SOLUTION WITH SYNTHETIC MATERIALS | SOLUTION WITH SANAWARME |
| Construction costs (from base) | – | Medium | Medium |
| Construction times (from base) | – | Med-low | Med-low |
| Waiting times (from base) | High | Low | High |
| Construction costs (existing) | – | Medium | Medium |
| Construction times (existing) | – | Med-low | Med-low |
| Waiting times (existing) | High | Low | High |
| Duration of the solution | – | ??? | High |
| Disposal costs | – | ??? | Low (inert) |
| Saving heating costs | Nothing | High | High |
| Saving cooling costs | Nothing | Low | High |
| Saving on pre-heating/cooling costs | Nothing | Medium | High |
| Overall savings | Nothing | Medium | High |
| Amortization times | – | Medium (3-5 years) | Low (< 3 years) |
| ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| FEATURES | NUDE MASONRY | SOLUTION WITH SYNTHETIC MATERIALS | SOLUTION WITH SANAWARME |
| Winter energy savings | Nothing | High | High |
| Summer energy savings | Nothing | Low | High |
| Pre-heating/cooling energy saving | Nothing | Medium | High |
| Overall energy savings | Nothing | Medium | High |
| Reduction of polluting emissions | Nothing | Medium | High |
| Type of materials | – | Synthetics | Natural |
| Environmental impact of materials | – | ??? | Low |
| Material recyclability | – | ??? | High |
| Disposal complexity (post demolition) | – | ??? | Low (inert) |
| Environmental impact solution | High | Medium | Very low |
| TECHNICAL ASPECT | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| FEATURES | NUDE MASONRY | SOLUTION WITH SYNTHETIC MATERIALS | SOLUTION WITH SANAWARME |
| Complexity Solution | – | High | Low |
| Durability of materials | – | ??? | High |
| Durability of the solution | – | ??? | High |
| Fire resistance | – | No | Yes |
| Thermal inertia | – | Low | High |
| Possibility of internal + external use | – | No generally | Yes |
| Suitability for thermal bridges | – | Yes | Yes |
| Mechanical resistance | – | Very low | Medium |
| Certification according to law | – | ??? | Yes |
| REALIZATION ASPECT | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| FEATURES | NUDE MASONRY | SOLUTION WITH SYNTHETIC MATERIALS | SOLUTION WITH SANAWARME |
| Production times | – | Med-Low | Med-Low |
| Waiting times | High | Low | High |
| Simplicity of realization | – | ? | High |
| Installation method | – | Manual only | Manual or mechanical |
| Materials availability | – | High? | High |
| Safety during installation | – | High? | High |
| Number of materials used | – | High? | Low |
| Compatibility of materials used | – | ??? | Very High |
| Need more plaster | Yes (traditional) | Yes (specific) | No |
| Post-application workability | – | Very low | High (= 1h) |
| Probability of discontinuity | – | Medium | Very Low |
| Operator competence | Medium | High | Medium |